基于地理探测器的宁夏贺兰山植被覆盖度时空分异及驱动因子

监测区域植被覆盖变化并分析其驱动因子,有利于实现生态环境的可持续发展。本研究以1989—2021年Landsat 5/8遥感影像为数据源,利用像元二分模型获取宁夏贺兰山植被覆盖度,基于地理探测器量化了环境和人为等10个因子对其时空分布的影响。结果表明: 1989—2021年间,宁夏贺兰山平均植被覆盖度为35.8%,时间尺度上总体呈增加趋势,平均增幅为0.043·(10 a)^-1,空间尺度上呈现从西南向东北递减的分布特征;研究区58.1%的区域植被覆盖度未来将持续性改善,但仍有30.7%的植被存在退化的潜在风险。降水是影响植被分布的主要环境因子,与单因子相比,环境因子和人为因子的交互作用对植被覆盖度的解释力更强,降水与其他因子的交互作用处于主导作用。     

闽西南红壤侵蚀区黑莎草功能性状特征及其与土壤因子的关系

为了解黑莎草(Gahnia tristis)在南方红壤侵蚀区的适应状况,测定了长汀县红壤侵蚀区的黑莎草叶片、根系的功能性状及土壤理化性质,并应用数理统计方法分析了黑莎草叶片与根系功能性状之间的相关性,及其对土壤因子的响应。结果表明,黑莎草叶片表型性状在冬夏季间存在显著差异,叶长、叶宽、叶组织密度和叶绿素表现为夏季显著大于冬季,根系表型性状则更具稳定性,冬季的根系养分含量均高于夏季,养分的分配上叶片养分高于根系养分。叶组织密度与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,与比叶面积呈显著负相关;根组织密度与比根长和比根面积均呈显著负相关,叶片和根系养分间均呈显著正相关,土壤碳、氮、磷含量是影响黑莎草功能性状主要因子。因此,黑莎草可通过调节功能性状以适应环境变化,可作为地带性植物应用于南方红壤侵蚀区的植被恢复和水土流失治理。     

南方红壤侵蚀区芒萁叶片对微地形的响应

植物功能性状可以反映植物应对环境变化的响应策略。该文以芒萁为研究对象,主要采用单因素方差分析和冗余分析,比较了3种微地形(沟脊、沟壁、沟底)中环境因子和芒萁叶片功能性状的差异,分析了芒萁对浅沟微地形的响应及其适应策略。结果表明:(1)芒萁叶片功能性状的总体变异程度在0.05～0.47之间,叶厚和叶面积均表现为沟底>沟壁>沟脊(P<0.05),沟壁的叶氮含量显著高于沟脊和沟底,沟脊的叶磷含量显著低于沟壁和沟底,比叶面积和叶碳含量在3种微地形间均无显著差异。(2)沟脊的芒萁通过减小叶面积来降低水分散失进行自我保护,沟壁的芒萁通过增加叶氮含量来提高叶片光合速率而促进生长,沟底的芒萁通过增大叶面积来提高光捕获能力而促进生长。综上结果认为,土壤养分和温湿条件的差异,促使芒萁通过调节营养物质含量和改变叶片形态以更好地适应环境。     

PTPN2 induced by inflammatory response and oxidative stress contributed to glioma progression

Malignant glioma remains the most frequent form of primary brain tumors all over the world. The gliomagenesis is characterized by various molecular processes such as neoplastic transformation, dysregulation of the cell cycle, and angiogenesis. Among these biomolecular events, the existence of inflammation and oxidative stress pathways in the development of glioma has been reported. PTPN2 is associated with several inflammatory disorders. However, the biological role of PTPN2 in inflammation responses and oxidative stress pathways involved in glioma remains poorly known. Here, we focused on its function in glioma development. Here, we observed that PTPN2 was significantly increased in glioma especially in a grade-dependent manner. Meanwhile, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, which have been identified as crucial inflammation cytokines, were able to trigger PTPN2 expression in a dose-dependent course in T98G cells. Then, we found that PTPN2 was oxidated and inactivated by H₂O₂. Meanwhile, H₂O₂ induced glioma cell colony formation capacity and increased ki-67 expression confirmed by flow cytometry assay. Finally, T98G cells were transfected with PTPN2 shRNA and it was shown that knockdown of PTPN2 obviously inhibited T98G cell colony formation and induced cell apoptosis. In summary, our findings indicated that PTPN2 could be induced by inflammatory response and oxidative stress and its deficiency depressed glioma cell growth.     

中国小头蓟马属二新种：缨翅目：蓟马科

西方记述了中国小头蓟马属Ｍｉｃｒｏｅｐｈａｌｏｔｈｒｉｐｓ２新种－中华小头蓟马Ｍ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

Liquid-Solid Phase-Inversion PLGA Implant for the Treatment of Residual Tumor Tissue after HIFU Ablation

BackgroundHIFU has been shown to be a more suitable alternative for the treatment of primary solid tumors and metastatic diseases than other focal heat ablation techniques due to its noninvasive and extracorporeal nature. However, similar to other focal heat ablation techniques, HIFU is still in need of refinements due to tumor recurrence.MethodsIn this work, we investigated the effectiveness of an adjunct treatment regimen using doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded, injectable, in situ-forming, and phase-inverting PLGA as the second line of defense after HIFU ablation to destroy detrimental residual tumors and to prevent tumor recurrence. All of the statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 18.0(SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All of the results are presented as the means ± STDEV (standard deviation). For multiple comparisons, ANOVA (differences in tumor volumes, growth rates, apoptosis, proliferation indexes, and Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels) was used when the data were normally distributed with homogenous variance, and rank sum tests were used otherwise. Once significant differences were detected, Student-t tests were used for comparisons between two groups.ResultsOur results revealed that DOX diffused beyond the ablated tissue regions and entered tumor cells that were not affected by the HIFU ablation. Our results also show that HIFU in concert with DOX-loaded PLGA led to a significantly higher rate of tumor cell apoptosis and a lower rate of tumor cell proliferation in the areas beyond the HIFU-ablated tissues and consequently caused significant tumor volume shrinkage (tumor volumes:0.26±0.1,1.09±0.76, and 1.42±0.9cm³ for treatment, sham, and no treatment control, respectively).ConclusionsFrom these results, we concluded that the intralesional injection of DOX-loaded PLGA after HIFU ablation is significantly more effective than HIFU alone for the treatment of solid tumors.     

Origin,Divergence, and Phylogeny of Asexual Epichlo? Endophyte in Elymus Species from Western China

Asexual Epichloë species are likely derived directly from sexual Epichloë species that then lost their capacity for sexual reproduction or lost sexual reproduction because of interspecific hybridization between distinct lineages of sexual Epichloë and/or asexual Epichloë species. In this study we isolated asexual Epichloë endophytes from Elymus species in western China and sequenced intron-rich regions in the genes encoding β-tubulin (tubB) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tefA). Our results showed that there are no gene copies of tubB and tefA in any of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences in this study formed a single clade with asexual Epichloë bromicola from Hordeum brevisubulatum, which implies asexual Epichloë endophytes that are symbionts in a western Chinese Elymus species likely share a common ancestor with asexual E. bromicola from European H. brevisubulatum. In addition, our results revealed that asexual E. bromicola isolates that are symbionts in a western Chinese Elymus species and sexual Epichloë species that are symbionts in a North American Elymus species have a different origin. Further analysis found that Epichloë species likely originated in Eurasia. In addition, the results support the hypothesis that migratory birds or humans might have aided the dispersal of these fungal endophytes to other continents.     

利用基因工程菌HC01固定化细胞转化生产D-对羟基苯甘氨酸

对一菌两酶工程菌HC01转化底物DL-对羟基苯海因(DL-HPH)的最适条件及其细胞固定化进行了研究,HC01游离细胞转化DL-HPH的最适条件为40°C、pH7.5。通过对固定化细胞酶活力测定,确定细胞固定化的最优条件为海藻酸钠浓度2.5%、细胞浓度0.029g/mL、钙离子浓度3%。固定化HC01的热稳定性比游离细胞高5°C,二价金属离子Mn2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Co2+和Ni2+在浓度为0.1mmol/L时对固定化细胞中D-海因酶(HYD)和N-氨甲酰-D-氨基酸酰胺水解酶(CAB)两酶的活力无显著影响,Mn2+和Mg2+可分别使游离细胞中CAB活力提高至原来的2.1和2.7倍。在氮气保护下,当初始pH为9.0、转化温度为40°C、转速为80r/min,利用固定化HC01转化30g/L的DL-HPH时,36h后转化率可达97%左右,产物D-HPG经纯化后光学纯度达到99.7%,得率可达85%。     

芦荟大黄素对人甲状腺癌细胞K1的促凋亡作用

目的:研究芦荟大黄素促进人甲状腺癌细胞系K1凋亡的作用.方法:人甲状腺癌细胞系K1与不同浓度的芦荟大黄素共孵育48h,MTT法检测细胞存活率,并用相差显微镜观察细胞形态学改变.用流式细胞术(检测细胞凋亡相关指标Annexin V/PI)和Hoeehst33258染色检测细胞凋亡,结果:芦荟大黄素能够不同程度地抑制人甲状腺癌细胞系K1的生长.芦荟大黄素对K1细胞的IC50(半教抑制浓度)分别为65 mg/ml.Hoechst33258荧光染色和流武细胞术分析K1细胞的结果一致.结论:芦荟大黄素可促进K1细胞凋亡,为芦荟大黄素治疗甲状腺癌提供了依据.